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Vasoactive digestive tract peptide (VIP), a peptide containing 28 amino acids, is generated in several regions of the human body, consisting of the gut, pancreas, and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) [133] The SCN is the facility of the body clock, and the circadian rhythm identifies sleep-- wake states in creatures. VIP, a natural chemical expressed by a part of the SCN neurons, appears to play an important role in the policy of the circadian rhythm and rest-- wake behaviors [135,136,137] A previous study revealed that VIP kickout mice showed an 8-h advance of the predicted activity stage with much less precision when revealed to consistent darkness [138] This shows that VIP and its receptors are crucial for preserving typical circadian rhythms, which is a significant feature of the SCN.
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